How does lisinopril work?

What class of drug is lisinopril and what is lisinopril used for?

Lisinopril is an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, also known as an “ACE inhibitor”. ACE inhibitors prevent ACE I, an enzyme in the body, from producing angiotensin II, a substance that narrows blood vessels. When used as prescribed, lisinopril causes the blood vessels in the body to relax, which decreases blood pressure. Lisinopril is used to lower high blood pressure, treat certain kinds of heart failure, and improve survival after heart attack. 

Losartan vs. lisinopril vs. amlodipine: What are the differences?

Losartan, lisinopril, and amlodipine are all used to treat high blood pressure, yet they work to reduce blood pressure in different ways. Lisinopril and losartan both work to relax the arteries and veins of the body by affecting angiotensin II, a chemical that narrows blood vessels. Lisinopril prevents the formation of this chemical while losartan blocks the chemical from working. Amlodipine, however, works by affecting the movement of calcium into the cells of the heart and blood vessels. This relaxes the blood vessels and lowers blood pressure.

What are the side effects of Lisinopril?

Lisinopril is generally well tolerated and is typically not associated with serious adverse reactions. Common side effects can include slight dizziness, headache, or cough. If you develop a cough while taking lisinopril, your doctor may switch you to another high blood pressure medication that is less likely to cause coughing.

Lisinopril is not a diuretic (water pill) and will not cause increased urination. Lisinopril does not lower heart rate; in some cases, heart rate may slightly increase on lisinopril. There is a low incidence of sexual dysfunction with lisinopril. In one study that evaluated sexual function in hypertensive men treated with lisinopril, only temporary effects on sexual activity were noted. 

Can I take lisinopril when pregnant?

Pregnant women should not take lisinopril. When used during pregnancy, lisinopril may cause harmful effects on the developing fetus including skull deformities, kidney problems, and death. 

Is it safe to consume alcohol while taking lisinopril?

Avoid consuming alcohol while taking lisinopril. Alcohol consumption can cause an increase or decrease in blood pressure. Alcohol’s effects on blood pressure can reduce the effectiveness of lisinopril or cause dangerous lowering of blood pressure. 

Is lisinopril safe? Has lisinopril been recalled?

A study evaluating the safety of long-term use of lisinopril concluded that lisinopril is generally well tolerated. Lisinopril has been recalled in the past due to a fragment of metal found in a tablet of lisinopril. This prompted manufacturers to recall certain batches of lisinopril in 2022.

What are the side effects of discontinuing lisinopril? Can I safely convert to a different medication?

Stopping lisinopril may increase blood pressure, which may result in an increased risk for heart attack or other unwanted health conditions. In most situations, it is safe to switch from lisinopril to another medication for high blood pressure. Talk with your healthcare provider about potential risks, benefits, and side effects, before discontinuing lisinopril.

I accidentally took a double dose of lisinopril: Can I overdose on lisinopril?

If excessive amounts of lisinopril are consumed, serious side effects such as dangerously low blood pressure, fainting, or kidney problems may occur. If someone develops unexplained or unexpected symptoms after taking lisinopril, or if too much was taken, get guidance from Poison Control immediately. Help from Poison Control is available at www.poison.org and by phone at 1-800-222-1222. Both options are free, confidential, and available 24 hours a day

Written by:
Ryan Kelly-Romero, PharmD. Candidate, 2023
Pharmacy Student

Medically reviewed by:
Kelly Johnson-Arbor, MD
Medical Toxicologist